Tuesday, May 26, 2020

New Article Reveals the Low Down on College Eop Essay Samples and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on College Eop Essay Samples and Why You Must Take Action Today The Chronicles of College Eop Essay Samples EssayEdge is the top application essay editing service on earth. There are lots of solutions to your essay writing needs online but some are far better than others. Choosing research paper topics for such essays is extremely easy but attention must be given as the ultimate aim is to win the competition. Receive a custom written paper and make sure your academic future. Don't forget, an admission essay sample may be a good way to find out more about the writing procedure and understand the task better. There are several different kinds of essays within college essays. As you are writing a college essay it's not enough in the event you write it in simple words. Now, utilizing a sample college essay isn't the exact same as plagiarism. These are a type of Opinion essays and are simple to choose and write. The right selection of essay topic can help you. You'll observe a similar structure in a lot of the essays. You may just select a couple of the most gripping moments from these types of experiences and talk about the total trajectory of your interests, and your essay is going to be a winner. A very simple joke may not land, but that truth grounds the full essay in reality and ought to give the reader a small smile. Because you're once more likely to be limited to 350 words, you won't be in a position to fit all the ways you exhibit your particular bit of awesomeness within this essay. Write the first thing which springs to mind when you think about a specific topic. Think freely, but you're not permitted to take into consideration anything else besides the topic available. College Eop Essay Samples Secrets Basically, the admissions folks wish to understand why their school is of specific interest to you. Many college applicants make the error of attempting to include all their accomplishments and activities in their application essays. For many students, it simply sounds too fantastic to be true. Usually, students aren't encouraged to express own ideas and give own assessments. Being in college might be a tiny struggle for some. If you chance to select an intriguing topic, your professor will acquire interested in your personality. Every college desires an application from every student who would like to receive admitted in the college. By doing that the student stays true to the very first paragraph in giving a very clear direction throughout the full essay. Be ready to speak about what you aspire to escape from the job, in terms of assisting students to be successful and happy. What's more, the program is intended to support students financially and academically as a way to give them a chance to finish a higher education degree while at the same time giving the support required to fulfill their whole potential. Not much creative skills are essential to compose such sort of College essays. Writing skills in college isn't restricted to essays. The Good, the Bad and College Eop Essay Samples At times it's helpful to observe how others were able to get over the difficult first-line hump. Still, consider what the experience most reveals about you. It's the details that truly make this little experience come alive. Not only do you have to demonstrate the way your leadership met the challenge you faced, but you also need to demonstrate the way the experience changed you. If you don't, you are able to actually hurt your odds of admission. Because that job is intimidating, it's often hard to choose where to begin. They're written entirely from scratch and totally free of plagiarism. Eventually, you'll end up with the exact same problem accusations of dishonesty and plagiarism. College Eop Essay Samples Options Unique things to various men and women, since the situation demanded. At times, the best method to learn and understand new information is by way of seeing and understanding work which is already completed. This essay is directed at giving out the advantages and the need of legalizing the usage of marijuana. The essay that's full of bad puns or off-color jokes will often wind up in the rejection pile.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Women Domestic Violence Offenders Lessons Of Violence...

Women Domestic Violence Offenders Cindy L. Seaman, Linda J. Rubin, and Sally D. Stabb, all affiliated with Texas Woman’s University, composed the article: Women Domestic Violence Offenders: Lessons of Violence and Survival 2007. In result of the growing problem of women that are more frequently being arrested for assaulting their partners, the need for exploration and research to investigate this phenomenon, along with women’s motivations for current violence, was necessary. The author’s purpose and intent of the article was to highlight current intervention methods of domestic abuse and causation of why women choose to assault. By exploring this epidemic, perhaps treatment intervention methods could be discovered and implemented. In the introduction Seaman, Rubin, and Stabb brought necessary insight to the controversy over family conflict studies opposed to crime studies. The inconsistency with both reports is crucial when looking at women in relation to domest ic abuse. This is because data conflicts. Family studies show an increase in both men and women abusers; claiming women abuse just as frequent as men. However, in crime studies and police statistics, reports indicate a much lower assault rate for women. Therefore, the authors chose a qualitative study, in hopes to discover why such data conflicts and to shed light on, perhaps, two different concepts altogether. The idea that couple-conflict is different from the idea of patriarchal terrorism, committed byShow MoreRelatedIntimate Partner Violence and Substance Abuse in Women Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagespartner violence. (2013) It is estimated that twelve million people in the United States alone are affected each year. Intimate partner violence includes anything from physical or sexual abuse to psychological abuse to stalking or threats by a current or former partner. This form of violence can occur among couples that identify with any sexual orientation. The CDC reports that ind ividuals who identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual are at an equal or higher risk for intimate partner violence. (2013)Read MoreViolence And Sexual Abuse Of Stockholm Syndrome And Violence Against Women Essay1844 Words   |  8 Pagessomething more harmful than a playground scuffle. This makes this damaging wives’ tale an enforcer of Stockholm syndrome and violence against women. (Jameson, 2011) These kinds of societal beliefs teaches men to treat the women they admire with brutality as an expression of their feelings as well as a sexual object of their desire. It has taught women to accept these acts of violence and sexual abuse as an equivalent for love and compliment. Stockholm syndrome is a defense mechanism of sorts: the abusedRead MoreEducator in a Pastoral Role4826 Words   |  20 Pagesthe solid rock or foundation of any family. Historically a man is seen as the provider. He ‘brings home the bacon’ if you will. He attends to any problems and is not only the provider but also the security footing of a family. In the 21 st century women are making huge inroads and the social landscape is changing with regards to a woman providing in equal measure to a family’s disposable income which takes away the pressure from a man to a certain extent. However, a man is still seen as the strongerRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Global Problem4877 Words   |  20 Page sDEFINITIONS â€Å"Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power†. (World Health Organization) Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotionalRead MorePsy Evaluation Essay11057 Words   |  45 PagesB. vegetarianism C. moderation of drinking D. total abstinence from all alcoholic beverages ANS:C PG68 11. Historically, the Chinese have had the biggest problem with which addictive drug? A.Opium B.Cocaine C.Marijuana D.Ecstasy ANS:A PG68 12. The lesson that we can learn from Shane Butler’s insightful analysis of treatment in Ireland is the need for: A. compatibility between societies’ belief systems and publicly instituted policy B. abstinence as a focus of treatment C. a return to Catholic principlesRead MoreHealth Safety Issues in Garments Industry of Bangladesh11720 Words   |  47 Pageson Health Safety issues in present Garments Industry of Bangladesh. Because if Heath Safety policies cannot be established properly, in near future garments sector of Bangladesh will face very tou gh competition for ensuring it’s competitive survival in the world market. Purpose of the report †¢ Present necessity of Heath Safety policies in work place invented implementation in developed countries †¢ Analyze the present the Health Safety situation in workplace of GarmentsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesEudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwiseRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPrinter: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibitedRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCritical path method (.2) 6.5.2.6 Lead and lag activities [6.2.3] F.3 Project duration Chapter 14 Project closure Closure report 4.5.1.4 Organization processes (.5) [4.5.3 4.6.3.2] 4.6.1 Administrative tasks (.3) [3.7.1, 12.4] 10.3.3.1 Lessons learned [8.3.3.4] 9.4.2.2 Individual performance appraisals Chapter 7 Managing Risk Chapter 15 Chapter 16 International Projects Oversight 11.1 Risk management process [F.8] 11.2 Identifying risks 11.3.2.2 Impact matrix 11.4 Risk assessmentRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesAssociation. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, cooking and eating good food, tennis, and travel to faraway places. He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a graduate program in education at NYU. ROXY PECK is Associate Dean of the College of Science and Mathematics and Professor of Statistics at California Polytechnic State University

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Wind Up Bird Chronicle And Dante Alighieri s Inferno

As literature continues to evolve throughout the ages, human experience remains a purpose that novelists cease to abandon regardless of the century. Haruki Murakami’s The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and Dante Alighieri’s Inferno each disclose a meticulous narrative that elaborates on such human experiences through the recurring theme of understanding and accepting the idea of suffering. While Alighieri’s Inferno takes on a physical journey through a Hell that he represents as a city, Murakami assumes a psychological and abstract mindset while writing the metaphysical journey in The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle. Through the particular writing styles of each author, the extensive application of symbolism, and the unique setting of each protagonist, both authors contribute to the meaning of their books whether it be a psychological or physical approach. Though both pieces center on the commonality of suffering, Murakami and Alighieri each have their respective styles of writin g. Murakami’s The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle exudes his usual psychological approach to such matters: â€Å"Which is to say, I was able to separate from the physical self that was feeling the pain†¦ I was able to divide myself into a physical and nonphysical self†¦. When pain comes to me, I leave my physical self.† (Murakami 306). As a result of this particular style, the human experience is perceived as enigmatic and ambiguous in nature, varying from person to person: â€Å"We can invest enormous time and energy in serious

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Effective Business Communication for Assessment - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEffective Business Communication forPractice Assessment. Answer: A reflective essay, as the name suggests, reflects upon the person writing the essay on a particular criteria or aspect, which they analyse themselves, through the use of some tool or module. These reflective essays help in providing a self reflection of the person who undertakes the particular module or tool. The present reflective essay is based on the self reflection of the writer where the communication skills of the writer have been analysed. This would help the writer in getting a clarity regarding the communication skills which they presently have, and more importantly, the communication skills which are needed for the writer to have a successful business life. In order to analyse these skills, the writer would use four distinctive diagnostic tools which were presented to the writer while undergoing the tutorials. These would highlight the different shortfalls of the writer in the communication skills area which would help the writer in working on these issues. The efforts put into improving the shortfalls in communication skills has been highlighted through drawing up an action plan through Gantt chart drawn at the end of this reflection. As this is a reflective essay, the discussion would not be based on first person. For analysing the communication skills which I presently have, I have applied five diagnostic tools, which had been properly approved by my tutor. In this regard, the first tool which I had used was one which is commonly used to analyse the communication apprehension of an individual and this was SPCC, which stands for Self-Perceived Communication Competence Scale. This tool helped me in analysing my communications capabilities, when dealing with diversified situations of communications and where the receivers are also present in a wide range (McCroskey McCroskey, 1998). The second tool which I used for the purpose of this analysis was PRICA, i.e., Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension, which helped me in analysing the feelings I get when communicating with a person of different culture. This shows the different circumstances which I would be faced with and the manner in which I face them when communication with people of different ethnic or cultural background s (Neuliep McCroskey, 1997). The third diagnostic tool which I used was the NIS-S, i.e., Nonverbal Immediacy Scale-Self Report which depicts the persons immediacy when they communicate with others and use non-verbal immediate behaviour with others. This non verbal behaviour helps in determining the positivity of a person by engraining in non verbal communication (Richmond, McCroskey Johnson, 2003). The next tool which had been used for the purpose of this self reflection was Willingness to Listen Diagnostic which helps in determining the individuals orientation when they have to listen to others, which again is a crucial aspect of communication skills, because listening to others is as important as is communicating verbally or non verbally with others (Richmond Hickson, 2001). The last tool which I used was the Talkaholic Scale, which was to help me in understanding if I, as a person, talk a lot or not and would also show if I was a compulsive talker (McCroskey Richmond, 1995). Once I successfully finished filing and calculating my scores for the five diagnostic tools, I was able to examine and study the strengths, as well as, the weaknesses in my communication skills. The first used tool was SPCC where I attained an overall score of 58.33. This score was on the low side of SPCC which highlights upon my acute stage fright and the anxiety which I get when I have to speak in groups. I scored 33.3 in public, 0 in meeting, 100 in group, 100 in dyad, scored 50 in stranger, 50 in acquaintance and 75 in friend. The majority of these show that in public, with friends and even in meetings I am not very comfortable in putting forward my views and an apprehensive about communicating with them. The second tool I used was PRICA where I got a score of 32 and this indicated a low intercultural cultural awareness. This denoted that I am not very comfortable when I have to interact with the people from different cultural backgrounds. The next tool which I used was NIS-S where I got a score of 81 which is again on a low side which denotes that I do not use body language when it comes to interactions using non verbal cues. I tend to have a closed personality where I talk without using hand gestures. The fourth tool which I used was Willingness to Listen Diagnostic where I scored 81 which highlights that I am a good listener and I am eager to listen to others without getting bored. This would help me in the long run as I am able to absorb information effectively. The last tool which I used was Talkaholic Scale where I obtained 24 as my final score which highlights that I am not a talkative person, so I do not over indulge in talks, which is goes hand in hand with my apprehensions about public speaking. The two key shortfalls which I face are related to communication apprehension, i.e., the ability to speak in public and the ability to communicate with people of different cultural backgrounds. This can be depicted from two of the incidents where I got very uncomfortable. As a part of our college curriculum, I was asked to prepare a presentation and deliver it before my classmates. I did thorough research and prepared a presentation and as I knew that I have a stage fright, I even wrote word by word of what I had to speak in front of my classmates. However, once I took the centre stage and the projector projected my slide over the screen, I got numb and my heart started beating very fast. I could only finish two slides in the 15 slides I had prepared and my teacher asked me to take a break. I could not resume the stage and lost good scores which I could have otherwise got, had I just read the script I prepared. There is another incident which embarrassed me. While I was working in a barista, I had to serve an Indian customer a coffee. I was able to give him his order but when he indulged in a conversation, I again got numb and my hands got cold. My manager had to take over and he then dealt with the customer. Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope (1991) were of the view that speaking was one of the most difficult tasks for the general public, particularly for the students as they get anxious when they have to speak before their class. When such happens, the student faces difficulty in making differentiations between different sounds and structures and even the simple words become inapprehensible. In this regard, the views of Dunbar, Brooks and Miller (2006) were quiet similar where they presented that an important aspect of the life of the student was communication skills, which also was a crucial factor when they translated from college life to workplace. This view has been supported in the literature of Beatty (1988) and also in that of Beatt, Balfantz and Kuwabara (1989) where they showed that there is an emotional predisposition regarding anxiety stemmed from public speaking. There were two types of reactions of anxiety which were stated by Woodrow (2006) in which the first was psychological reas ons and the other was cognitive reactions. When it came to the psychological reactions, the body reacted in such a manner that the person started stammering or his heart started beating very fast. When it came to the cognitive reactions, the brain starts working in a disoriented manner, where the person would get negative or irrelevant thoughts which would not only be self-depreciating, but would also increase the anxiety levels. Public speaking is deemed as a leading issue which is faced by nearly every person due to the apprehensions that one faces when they have to deal with a public (Jaffe, 2015). North and Rivers (2001) stated that when a person is made to speak in public, they get anxious about it. They stated that when faced with public speaking, people get anxious and they show signs of discomfort, confusion, palpitation, gastrointestinal discomfort, muscle tension, sweating and the like. Around 85% people, as per Burnley, Cross Spanos (1993) had to face this difficulty. Scovel (1991) stated that only when anxiety is facilitated in a proper manner, did it result in positive results, otherwise it could result in the individual performing in a poor manner. Rossi and Seiler (1986) highlighted upon the history of public speaking anxiety and traced it back to the mid 1930s. And like North and Rivers, he believed that when a person had to speak in public, they got apprehensive or felt uneasiness as they fe lt threatened. Jones (2004) was of the view that there was a need to facilitate anxiety in a manner so that the individual can adapt to learning from his apprehensions and work towards overcoming the particular obstacle. When the person is able to do so, the anxiety can be channelled in an effective manner. It had been identified by Ohata (2005) that by facilitating these, the person could learn better and his attitude and perception can be changed. Marinho, Medeiros, Gama and Teixeira (2017) rightly highlighted upon the need and significance of enhancing the public speaking skills particularly for the business life of an individual. Russ (2012) also showed that proper communication skills were required for interpersonal work relations. Rahmani (2017) highlighted that intergroup anxiety was a kind of negative feeling and restlessness which a person faced when they had to communicate with a person who belonged to a dissimilar cultural or social identity. Intergroup anxiety, like any other anxiety in Rahmanis view had negative results and it hampered the cognitive performance and the social interactions of an individual. Hackman and Barthel-Hackman (1993), Hsu (2007), and Pederson, Tkachuk and Allen (2008) have studied that there are different contextual incompatibilities of communication apprehensions due to the effective cultural, as well as, non cultural elements. The different communication apprehensions are a result of the difference in the culture of an individual, for instance, Australia, Arabic nations, East Asian cultures, Western Europe, and US. So, the individuals who belong to individualist cultures often emphasize on their personal space, activities and needs. Merkin (2009), Pederson et al. (2008) and Pryor, Bulter and Boehringer (2005) noted the difference amongst the high context cultures like the Arabic nations, Korea, China and Japan, and amongst the low context cultures like that of US, which impacts the communication apprehensions. Hall (1976) stated that in the high context culture, the majority of information is shared with the participants and a mutual perception of communication depends on the communications context; however, when it came to low context culture, it is more straight forward and also covers more information. So, high context cultures are less valued and they are more apprehensive, as per Pryor et al. (2005). The communication traits, as per Allen, O'Mara and Long (2014), were highlighted in the oral communication based on this culture context. Dr. James C. McCroskey, who initiated this concept of communication apprehension, developed a model of intercultural communication apprehension which was similar to the thoughts and emotions in other communication apprehensions, but this one was related to the linguistic and culture barriers (Neuliep, 2014). It could be based on trait, context, situation or audience. Gumus, Hamarat and Dursun (2005) highlighted that in such situations where the anxiety was seen only in particular situations like public speaking or job interview was content based apprehension. Mak et al. (2013) identified that the intercultural communication apprehension was based on the negative perception with regards to the cultural differences and which displayed an uncomfortable behaviour where the person came across another person from another culture, i.e., due to imminent cross cultural interaction. Upon successfully identifying my shortfalls, I have prepared an action plan which I would undertake in the next six months, in order to win over my apprehensions and improve upon my communication skills. In this regard, I would start by maintaining a journal in which I would be writing daily, what I did and this would help me in keeping a track of the things which I did as per the drawn action plan and the difficulties which I faced in doing so. This would be my success book, which would help me in looking back and being proud of my progress. The next step which I would do is joining a book club so that I get to interact with some new people and try to interact with them. This would be undertaken from Nov 2017 to Jan 2018. I would also make fortnightly efforts in getting the story of a person of different cultural background, who visits the barista near the university, so that I can speak up in public and also face my apprehensions about people from different cultural backgrounds. I would also seek help from my tutor in this, as in the beginning I would need their help in learning how to start a communication channel with new people, along with the details on how to counter my anxiety. I would be interacting with my classmates, by taking centre stage for 5 minutes and speaking with them. This would be done for Jan, in front of my tutor and for Fe, in their absence. I would also be, at regular intervals, interact with the university students who are not my classmates, and this would have a mix of interactions with people of different backgrounds. I would report my interactions to my tutor as an evidence of success. The most important one is that I would organize a 30 member intercultural program in the university itself in first half of April. This would make me approach the public and speak with them, particularly where I interact with people from different cultural backgrounds. The success of my entire journey is based on the success of this intercultural program, where I would again take the help of my tutor. Here, I would ask them and my classmates, on the progress which they think I have made during the six months period. The action plan has more efficiently been denoted through a Gantt chart below. Gantt Chart depicting Action Plan 15-11-17 30-11-17 15-12-17 31-12-17 14-01-18 31-01-18 Maintaining a Journal Book Club Customer interaction at barista Seeking help from tutor Interactions with Classmates Communicating with University Students Organize an intercultural program Gantt Chart depicting Action Plan 13-02-18 28-02-18 15-03-18 31-03-18 14-04-18 30-04-18 Maintaining a Journal Book Club Customer interaction at barista Seeking help from tutor Interactions with Classmates Communicating with University Students Organize an intercultural program Thus, this self reflection has helped me in identifying my shortfalls and this would help me in working on these issues, so that when I start my business life, I would not be at a disadvantage. References Allen, M. Bourhis, J. (1996). The relationship of communication apprehension to communication behavior: A meta-analysis.Communication Quarterly, 44,214-226. Beatty, M. J., Balfantz, G. L., Kuwabara, A. Y. (1989). Trait-like qualities of selected variables assumed to be transient causes of performance state anxiety. Communication Education, 38, 277-289. Beatty, M.J., Friedland, M. H. (1990). Public speaking state anxiety as a function of selected situational and predispositional variables. Communication Education, 39, 142-147. Burnley, M., Cross, P., Spanos, N. (1993). The effects of stress inoculation training and skills training on the treatment of speech anxiety. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 12, 355-366. Dunbar, N., Brooks, C. Kubica-Miller, T. (2006). Oral Communication Skills in Higher Eduation: Using a Performance-Based Evaluation Rubric to Assess Communication Skills. Inovative Higher Education, 31(2). Gumus, M., Hamarat, B., Dursun, M. (2005). Intercultural communication apprehension: An empirical study on ANZAC people. Journal of Administrative Sciences, 3(1), 179-193. Hackman, M. Z., Barthel-Hackman, T. A. (1993). Communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and sense of humor: United States and New Zealand perspectives.Communication Quarterly,41, 282-291. Hall, E. T. (1976).Beyond culture. New York, NY: Doubleday. Horwitz, E. K., M. B. Horwitz and J. A. Cope (1991). "Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety" in E. K. Horwitz and D. J. Young, Language Anxiety, 27-39. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hsu, C.-F (2007). A cross-cultural comparison of communication orientations between Americans and Taiwanese.Communication Quarterly,55, 359 374. Jaffe, C. (2015). Public Speaking: Concepts and Skills for a Diverse Society (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Jones J.F. (2004). A Cultural Context for Language Anxiety. EA (English Australia), 21(2), 30-39 Mak, A. S., Brown, P. M., Wadey, D. (2013). Contact and attitude toward international students in Australia: Intergroup anxiety and intercultural communication emotions as mediators. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45, 491. Marinho, A. C. F, Mesquita de Medeiros, A., Gama A. C. C, Teixeira, L. C. (2017). Fear of public speaking: perception of college students and correlates. Journal of Voice, 31(1), 127.e7127.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.12.012 McCroskey, J. C., McCroskey, L. L. (1988). Self-report as an approach to measuring communication competence. Communication Research Reports, 5, 108-11. McCroskey, J.C., Richmond, V.P .(1995). Correlates of compulsive communication: Quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Communication Quarterly, 43, 39-52. Merkin, R. S. (2009). Cross-Cultural differences in approach-avoidance communication in South Korea and the US.Human Communication,12, 199-213. Neuliep, J. W. (2014). Intercultural communication: A Contextual Approach (6th ed.). Sage Publications. Neuliep, J. W., McCroskey, J. C. (1997). The development of intercultural and interethnic communication apprehension scales. Communication Research Reports, 14, 385-398. North, M., Rives, J. (2001). Virtual reality therapy in aid of public speaking. International Journal of Virtual Reality, 3, 2-7. Ohata K. (2005). Language Anxiety From the Teachers Perspective: Interviews With Seven Experienced ESL/EFL Teachers. Journal of Language and Learning, 3(1), 133-155 Pederson, J., Tkachuk, H., Allen, M. (2008). How perceived situational frequency and situational importance affect communication apprehension: A cross cultural analysis.Journal of Intercultural Communication Research,37, 189198. Pryor, B., Bulter, J., Boehringer, K. (2005). Communication apprehension and cultural context: A comparison of communication apprehension in Japanese and American students.North American Journal of Psychology,7, 247-252. Rahmani, D. (2017). Apprehension and Anxiety in Communication. DOI: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.414 Richmond, V. P., Hickson, M. III. (2001). Going public: A practical guide to public talk. Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Richmond, V. P., McCroskey, J. C., Johnson, A. D. (2003). Development of the nonverbal immediacy scale (NIS): Measures of self- and other-perceived nonverbal immediacy. Communication Quarterly, 51, 502-515. Rossi, A., Seiler, W. (1989). The comparative effectiveness of systematic desensitization and an integrative approach in treating public speaking anxiety: a literature review and a preliminary investigation. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 49-66. Russ, T. L. (2013). The Influence of Communication Apprehension on Superiors' Propensity for and Practice of Participative Decision Making. Communication Quarterly, 61(3), 335- 348. doi: 10.1080/01463373.2013.776989 Scovel, T. (1991). "The Effect of Affect on Foreign Language Learning: A Review of the Anxiety Research" in E. K. Horwitz and D. J. Young, Language Anxiety, 101-108. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Woodrow, L. (2006). Anxiety and speaking English as a second language. RELC Journal, 37(3), 308-328.