Tax on Producers and Consumers Free Essays

string(159) a resulting increment in cost, as the organization gives expenses to shoppers, with the evacuation of a tidy up appropriation (seen with the expansion from P1 to P2). Question 1 Figure 1. 1-An assessment on Producers an) I) Equilibrium Price and Quantity before charge: 100-10Q = 20 +10Q ? 20Q = 80 ? Q = 4 When Q = 4, P = 60 ? Harmony value approaches $60 and balance amount is 4 million ii) Consumer Surplus = ? x 4 x 40 = 80 Producer Surplus = ? x 4 x 40 = 80 iii) An effective market happens when all out excess is boosted. This balance of P = 60 and Q = 4 has boosted customer and maker surplus similarly. We will compose a custom exposition test on Expense on Producers and Consumers or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now It is now where the minor expense of creation rises to peripheral advantage. Question 1 cont. b) I) After overwhelming a duty of $20, being demanded on the makers, the cost paid by purchasers is $70 and the cost got by venders is $50 per unit of cell phones sold at the diminished amount provided of 3 million. This is delineated in figure 1. 1 with the move in the flexibly bend from S1 to S2. ii) Consumer Surplus = ? x 3 x 30 = 45 Producer Surplus = ? x 3 x 30 = 45 iii) There is a reduction in the all out overflow after the execution of an assessment on cell phones. A considerable bit of the all out excess has been redistributed to government charge income, be that as it may, there is a deadweight misfortune. Negligible social advantages surpass minor social expenses, bringing about wasteful aspects inside the market for cell phones. c) Expected Total Revenue = 3 x 20 = $60 million Expected Deadweight Loss = 2 ( ? x 1 x 10 ) = $10 million d) The appropriation of genuine frequency is the measure of weight of an expense shared between the purchaser and vender. This proposed charge shares the weight of the $20 similarly among purchasers and merchants. The appropriation of genuine rate on purchasers is a $10 ascend in the cost paid on dealers is the $10 decline in cost got for every cell phone. e) Elasticity of Demand = Ave. P x ? Q Ave. Q ? P = 65 x (- 1) 3. 5 10 = - 1. 857142857 ? Versatility of Demand rises to 1. 857 The Elasticity of interest is more prominent than one which implies the interest for cell phones is flexible. The rate decline in the amount requested surpasses the rate increment in cost. This duty would mean as there is a 1% expansion in value there is a 1. 57% decline in amount. There is additionally a reduction in the all out income as the cost increments. Question 2 |â |Printer |Kilogram of Rice | |Thailand |100 |5 | |India |90 |3 | Figure 2. †Thailand’s Production Possibility Frontier Figure 2. 2-India’s Production Possibility Frontier Question 2 cont. |â |Printer |Kilogram of Rice | |Thailand |36 |1080 | |India |40 |1800 | c) Points found in Figure 2. what's more, Figure 2. 2 d) †T hailand’s opportunity cost of creating 1 printer is 20kgs of Rice †Thailand’s opportunity cost of delivering 1 Kg of rice is 1/twentieth of a printer †India’s opportunity cost of delivering 1 printer is 30kgs of rice †India’s opportunity cost of creating 1kg of rice is 1/30th of a printer Thailand ought to represent considerable authority in the creation of printers as it has a higher relative bit of leeway. This has been accomplished as there is a lower opportunity cost in the creation of printers in Thailand contrasted with India.  |Printer |Kilogram of Rice | |Thailand |90 |0 | |India |0 |3000 | Specialization has lead to an expansion in the consolidated yield for the two nations. Thailand has expanded its printer yield by 54 and India has expanded rice yield by 1200kgs. ) Consumption group after exchange |â |Printer |Kilogram of Rice | |Thailand |42 |1200 | |India |48 |1800 | Consumption focuses after exchange for nations Thailand and India are named â€Å"H† and â€Å"N† in Figure 2. 1 and Figure 2. 2 separately. Exchange has profited to the two nations. Thailand has expanded their utilization group with an expansion in kilograms of rice from 1080 to 1200 and expanded its PCs from 36 to 42. India has expanded their utilization group with their expansion in printers from 40 to 48. Question 3 Figure 3. 1-Nuclear Electricity Market a) The balance point e1 is affected by wasteful results of an appropriation. The appropriation realizes overproduction, spoke to by the amount Q1. This overproduction brings down the cost, or private expenses of the tidy up for the organization. Minor expenses are expanded as the higher creation powers wasteful asset allotment. ) If the sponsorship is expelled there will be a general increment in the productivity inside this market. The flexibly will diminish, showed in Figure 3. 1 with the leftward move in the flexibly bend from S1 to S2. The private expense of atomic vitality creation would mirror the genuine expense of creation, including fiasco clean-ups. The expansion in cost can likewise be found in Fig ure 3. 1 with the cost from P1 to P2. There would be a subsequent reduction in the amount of atomic vitality and stop the wasteful overproduction and utilization of constrained assets. ) If the administration forces a protection demand charge on the force organization the expense of an atomic tidy up will be higher than the expense with a tidy up appropriation yet will be lower than costs brought about if the force organization needed to retain the whole money related weight. The protection duty would make another gracefully bend, showed in Figure 3. 1 with S3, as the marked down expense of a tidy up takes into account more noteworthy atomic vitality creation at a lower cost. The amount increment is seen with the development from Q2 to Q3 and the lessening in cost of creation is seen with the development from P2 to P3. Question 3 cont. ) The three harmonies accomplished change in the weight sharing and effectiveness of a sponsorship, an assessment and no intercession in the atomic v itality advertise. Government intercession with the tidy up endowment (spoke to with e1) decreases private expenses of creation and tidy up. This achieves wasteful aspects as the genuine expense of creation, including clean-ups after fiascos, isn't reflected in cost of P1. The diminished expense in this situation likewise prompts overproduction and a wasteful amount of Q1 provided. The most proficient market where peripheral social advantages equivalent minimal social expenses is appeared at the harmony point e2. The genuine expense of creation including negative externalities is meant and there is an ensuing increment in cost, as the organization gives expenses to purchasers, with the evacuation of a tidy up endowment (seen with the expansion from P1 to P2). You read Assessment on Producers and Consumers in classification Article models The expansion in value prompts a decline in the amount of atomic vitality requested and a leftward move in the gracefully bend from S1 to S2. The inconvenience of a protection demand has diminished the cost of an atomic calamity tidy up as the force organization is currently soothed of part of the whole budgetary weights. This lessening in the cost of a tidy up is found in Figure 3. with the diminishing in cost from P2 to P3. There is an expansion in amount requested, seen with the increment from Q2 to Q3 and there is an expansion in the gracefully of atomic vitality creation. This new harmony e3 isn't the most proficient point in the atomic creation advertis e yet takes into consideration an expansion sought after of the most practical vitality age The point e3 would be generally advantageous to society as there is an expansion in efficiencies with the expulsion of an administration tidy up endowment yet the force organization doesn’t wear the whole money related weights of further atomic calamity clean-ups. There is an expansion in the cost of atomic creation, nonetheless, this point P3 Q3 speaks to a more pleasant and more financially savvy method of lessening the expenses of future atomic catastrophes as less duty has fallen on the makers of this vitality. Question 4 a) Figure 4. 1 iii) A populace reduction will diminish the interest of this mediocre great. This is delineated in Figure 4. 1 with the interest bend moving to one side from D1 to D2. An expansion in the profitability builds the yield amount utilizing a similar measure of information. This expansion in gracefully is seen with the flexibly bend move to one side from S1 to S2. The joined lessening popular and increment in gracefully has marked down the cost of this great from P1 to P2. Another balance, e2, has been shaped at the focuses P2 Q2. Question 4 cont. b) Figure 4. 2 iii) As livelihoods increment the utilization of sub-par products decline. This diminishing popular is appeared in Figure 4. 2 with the interest bend moving to one side from D1 to D2 to shape the amount requested Q2. The expanded cost of sources of info and accordingly creation costs has diminished the creation profitability. This loss of efficiency is outlined through the leftward move of the gracefully bend from S1 to S2. Another balance has been shaped at the focuses P2 Q2. Question 4 cont. c) Figure 4. 3 iii) The interest for mediocre merchandise increments as earnings decline. This expansion popular is shown in Figure 4. 3 with the rightward move of the interest bend from D1 to D2 and the amount requested increment from Q1 to Q2. As the quantity of firms in the market decline the value intensity impact debilitates. Less rivalry takes into account an expansion in the cost, found in the move from P1 to P2. The joined impact of an expansion in amount requested (Q1 to Q2) and increment in value (P1 to P2) has framed another balance point, e2 (P2, Q2), with the move in the interest bend to one side. Question 4 cont. d) Figure 4. 4 iii) There is an abatement popular of the second rate great as the customer inclination for this great decline. The item is utilized along with a supplement item. An expansion in the cost of a supplement item will likewise diminish the interest of the mediocre great. This reduction sought after is shown in Figure 4. with the change from Q1 to

INFORMING PUBLIC POLICY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Educating PUBLIC POLICY - Essay Example From the start, the creators give us a ‘brief history’ of the diary and look at the job famous characters, for example, Jeremy Travis in considering a diary for breaking the hole between strategy research and criminal equity arrangement. As per Clear and Frost (2007), the best thing about the diary was that it looked to â€Å"simultaneously keep up a high level of scholastic believability and educate open policy† (p.633). The diary maintained a spread system to keep away from the imprisonment of strategy important research to the scholarly world. The American Society of Criminology (ASC), under the administration of Lawrence Sherman, made the diary its official distribution. From 2004 onwards, the diary was completely bolstered by the ASC. On account of this joint effort, CPP contacted numerous strategy composers through the hierarchical system of ASC. Critically, the diary had a skillet American reach. Absolutely, its boundless conveyance was the consequence of a n amazing media spread methodology including U.S. Newswire and Rubenstein Associates. Criminology and Public Policy was a prominent achievement in wording both course and quality. Among the newcomer diaries, CPP holds its head high. The class of ‘reaction essays’ was the significant fascination of the diary, which was requested from the journalists by the editors themselves. The creators are of the view that connecting with the media is a troublesome assignment and advanced the somewhat intriguing articulation about criminologists that they are â€Å"very hesitant to offer authoritative approach suggestions and every now and again incorporate a large group of provisos to any of the suggestions that they do raise† (p.636). They likewise give record of the troubles relating to drawing solid approach details from experimental inquires about. This issue emerges out of the very idea of criminological experimental research, for example exact

Leading by Virtue Essay

Ideals and Values are essential to human services today. Ideals and qualities are not about what an individual needs to be, yet rather excellencies and qualities are about who an individual truly is. Any progressions or choices will consistently require individuals or even the patient’s to analyze their qualities and ethics. ( Sheryl, 2010). Ideals can be characterized as the contrast among great and awful individuals meaning useful quality or good greatness. A few instances of temperances incorporate being straightforward or trustworthiness and equity being what is considered dynamic standards of righteousness that are good. An individual is viewed as upright on the off chance that they make the wisest decision and what is acceptable not by propensity, yet just by the guidelines of direct they decide to follow or set. Another case of righteousness is steadfastness which is constancy or keeping your statement and commitments and responsibilities to others or patients. (Pogzar, 2012). Qualities are lead that is standard. A worth is utilized for deciding whether an activity is fortunate or unfortunate. Qualities are gauges that can be estimated concerning goodness in a person’s life. Qualities can likewise change in the event that we need them to. Qualities can even some of the time inspire individuals. Everybody makes decisions dependent on what they esteem or has worth. (Pogzar, 2012). Despite the fact that worth is all around everybody it is regularly not perceived. In human services today, there is absolute understanding that qualities are lessoning. Human services is presently reflecting social orders who are increasingly heterogeneous (unique) and much progressively open to assorted types of living with various qualities. At the point when esteems comes in clear view that is when esteems are normally recognized. (Petrova, Dale and Fulford, (2006). There are a few contrasts among temperances and qualities, despite the fact that these two words are frequently befuddled between one another. At the point when an individual has a character of being righteous this is significant in light of the fact that it comprises of things, for example, being straightforward, trustworthiness and extraordinary hard working attitude. Every one of the three of these qualities of having excellencies are significant in thinking about the patients we are assume to serve. It is even workable for 2 individuals to have esteems that are unique and still be idealistic. (Sheryl, 2006). Qualities, then again, are not viewed as genuine or calming in nature. Things that are esteemed incorporate charitable effort, creative articulation, funniness and music. Different instances of significant worth incorporate esteeming the time you go through with your youngsters, thinking about your folks might be of an incentive to an individual, A distinction in age may influence a person’s esteem framework, for example, what an individual esteemed or didn't esteemed at 25 might be the contrary when they turn 50 years old. (Petrova, Dale and Fulford, (2006). How do ideals and qualities influence one’s character? Prudence and qualities can influence one’s character from various perspectives and particular kinds of qualities are sure, manage you to character attributes that wind up being moral excellencies. With these qualities and temperances following right behind, can really make an actual existence that is acceptable and fruitful. This effect on ones character can influence an individual actually, scholastically and expertly. In ideals a person’s character will characterize their moral character. Worth can influence one’s character adversely or decidedly. Not all qualities will prompt ethics, yet lead to gadgets. Not all worth frameworks are acceptable, however lead to exploitative conduct. ((Abbott, 2012). How are ethics and qualities gained? Temperances are interior characteristics obtained that an individual has that shows attributes of their great conduct. Qualities, then again, are scholarly. (Benn, 2012). How might they be useful in settling human services moral situations? At whatever point moral predicaments show up there are frequently decisions that should be made that may have upsetting outcomes. For parental figures, moral issues may winding up breaking what is ordinary or cause logical inconsistencies some moral qualities. Instances of moral quandaries are: Abortion issues (Pro-life or Pro-decision), pregnancy because of assault or interbreeding, option to-kick the bucket, a case of attempting to choose dependent on ideals and qualities. (Pozgar, 2012). Recognize and talk about a wellbeing related case in which temperances and qualities had an influence. The wellbeing related contextual investigation where ideals and qualities had an influence in includes a 20-year old, pregnant Jehovah’s Witness lady who would not have a blood transfusion after she had been in a fender bender. The patient showed up in the crisis room showing side effects of interior draining and the clinical group needed to give her a blood transfusion and crisis medical procedure to attempt to spare her and her child. The youthful patient declined the blood transfusion dependent on her confidence in the Jehovah’s Witness training where they encourage their individuals to not to get blood transfusions and this patient’s spouse was in concurrence with this conviction too. This youthful couple esteem framework seems to remember a solid confidence for the educating of the Jehovah’s Witness that they would hazard the loss of the lady and the unborn youngster to respect their conviction. This couple even had composed documentation of their conviction to not get blood transfusions. In the worth arrangement of the crisis room it included was the prosperity of this patient and the unborn multi week child against the woman’s strict conviction that she expressed. The medical clinic as of now had just 2 choices which are acknowledge the patient’s wish to not get blood transfusion or attempt to get a court request. This social insurance group decided to respect the desires of this youthful couple who were all around educated regarding the potential aftereffects of not getting the blood transfusion and C-segment, in view of ideals morals by regarding the self-sufficiency by respecting the choice of the patient. The 20-year elderly person and her child passes on. This lady had confidence in this educating so firmly that she expressed she preferably kick the bucket over conflict with the lessons of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. (Pacsi, 2008). For the situation study including the 20-year, pregnant lady we perceive how the ethics and qualities that we have confidence in and live by can assume a critical job in issues including our wellbeing. There is no mystery that Jehovah Witnesses firmly accept that their individuals and others ought not get blood transfusion regardless of whether it implies the blood that they would get might spare their life. On account of this young lady her qualities and convictions were so inculcated in the lessons of the Jehovah’s Witnesses she was happy to bite the dust and cause the demise of her multi week infant since she additionally was declining to have a C-segment that could have spared the life of her unborn youngster. Since the lady was acquired from a solitary auto collision with side effects of draining inside time assumed a job on the grounds that the social insurance group expected to move rapidly. This couple accepted so emphatically in this refusal of blood transfusion that they had documentation to help their conviction. Since patients refusal of intercessions and blood transfusions seem to getting increasingly normal, medicinal services suppliers need to have this issue instructed about in nursing educational plan. This is an unpredictable issue and attendants particularly new ones should be appropriately prepared on the most proficient method to deal with this kind of circumstance if it somehow happened to emerge. Despite the fact that the lessons of Jehovah Witnesses is against blood transfusion, in crisis circumstances that their individuals have their development orders and other legitimate papers if there should arise an occurrence of crisis which seems, by all accounts, to be what this young lady had done. This is a moral issue that human services suppliers are confronted with and need to realize what the best possible strides to take before a crisis circumstance, for example, this case shows up in the crisis room. The staff for this situation decided to respect the strict qualities and convictions of this couple where the mother passed on alongside her unborn child. The clinical staff for this situation additionally felt that the standard of value, which focuses on advancing the prosperity of others, was respected for this situation, just as the guideline of nonmaleficence, which means they didn't perpetrate any mischief on this patient by regarding her desires. For this situation we likewise observe the nursing ethics of good fortitude, confidence and empathy in having the option to comprehend this circumstance. . References: Abbott, L. (2012). What is a Value? What is a Virtue? Recovered from site http://www. odysseyofthefuture. net/pdf_files/Readings/EthicalCharDevWrkshp. pdf Sheryl, (2010). Ethics and Values †Matters of Importance. Recovered from site http://bestyears. com/blog/? p=257 Pacsi, A. , (2008). Contextual analysis: A moral choice including a perishing quiet. Recovered from site http://www. thefreelibrary. com/Case+study%3a+an+ethical+dilemma+involving+a+dying+patient. - a0184801424. Petrova, M. , Dale, J. , and Fulford, B. , (2006). Qualities based practice in essential consideration: facilitating the strains between people esteems, moral standards and best proof. English Journal of General Practice, 56(530). Recovered from site http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC1876638/. Pozgar, G. (2012). Lawful parts of medicinal services organization (eleventh ed. )

New Article Reveals the Low Down on College Eop Essay Samples and Why You Must Take Action Today

New Article Reveals the Low Down on College Eop Essay Samples and Why You Must Take Action Today The Chronicles of College Eop Essay Samples EssayEdge is the top application essay editing service on earth. There are lots of solutions to your essay writing needs online but some are far better than others. Choosing research paper topics for such essays is extremely easy but attention must be given as the ultimate aim is to win the competition. Receive a custom written paper and make sure your academic future. Don't forget, an admission essay sample may be a good way to find out more about the writing procedure and understand the task better. There are several different kinds of essays within college essays. As you are writing a college essay it's not enough in the event you write it in simple words. Now, utilizing a sample college essay isn't the exact same as plagiarism. These are a type of Opinion essays and are simple to choose and write. The right selection of essay topic can help you. You'll observe a similar structure in a lot of the essays. You may just select a couple of the most gripping moments from these types of experiences and talk about the total trajectory of your interests, and your essay is going to be a winner. A very simple joke may not land, but that truth grounds the full essay in reality and ought to give the reader a small smile. Because you're once more likely to be limited to 350 words, you won't be in a position to fit all the ways you exhibit your particular bit of awesomeness within this essay. Write the first thing which springs to mind when you think about a specific topic. Think freely, but you're not permitted to take into consideration anything else besides the topic available. College Eop Essay Samples Secrets Basically, the admissions folks wish to understand why their school is of specific interest to you. Many college applicants make the error of attempting to include all their accomplishments and activities in their application essays. For many students, it simply sounds too fantastic to be true. Usually, students aren't encouraged to express own ideas and give own assessments. Being in college might be a tiny struggle for some. If you chance to select an intriguing topic, your professor will acquire interested in your personality. Every college desires an application from every student who would like to receive admitted in the college. By doing that the student stays true to the very first paragraph in giving a very clear direction throughout the full essay. Be ready to speak about what you aspire to escape from the job, in terms of assisting students to be successful and happy. What's more, the program is intended to support students financially and academically as a way to give them a chance to finish a higher education degree while at the same time giving the support required to fulfill their whole potential. Not much creative skills are essential to compose such sort of College essays. Writing skills in college isn't restricted to essays. The Good, the Bad and College Eop Essay Samples At times it's helpful to observe how others were able to get over the difficult first-line hump. Still, consider what the experience most reveals about you. It's the details that truly make this little experience come alive. Not only do you have to demonstrate the way your leadership met the challenge you faced, but you also need to demonstrate the way the experience changed you. If you don't, you are able to actually hurt your odds of admission. Because that job is intimidating, it's often hard to choose where to begin. They're written entirely from scratch and totally free of plagiarism. Eventually, you'll end up with the exact same problem accusations of dishonesty and plagiarism. College Eop Essay Samples Options Unique things to various men and women, since the situation demanded. At times, the best method to learn and understand new information is by way of seeing and understanding work which is already completed. This essay is directed at giving out the advantages and the need of legalizing the usage of marijuana. The essay that's full of bad puns or off-color jokes will often wind up in the rejection pile.

Women Domestic Violence Offenders Lessons Of Violence...

Women Domestic Violence Offenders Cindy L. Seaman, Linda J. Rubin, and Sally D. Stabb, all affiliated with Texas Woman’s University, composed the article: Women Domestic Violence Offenders: Lessons of Violence and Survival 2007. In result of the growing problem of women that are more frequently being arrested for assaulting their partners, the need for exploration and research to investigate this phenomenon, along with women’s motivations for current violence, was necessary. The author’s purpose and intent of the article was to highlight current intervention methods of domestic abuse and causation of why women choose to assault. By exploring this epidemic, perhaps treatment intervention methods could be discovered and implemented. In the introduction Seaman, Rubin, and Stabb brought necessary insight to the controversy over family conflict studies opposed to crime studies. The inconsistency with both reports is crucial when looking at women in relation to domest ic abuse. This is because data conflicts. Family studies show an increase in both men and women abusers; claiming women abuse just as frequent as men. However, in crime studies and police statistics, reports indicate a much lower assault rate for women. Therefore, the authors chose a qualitative study, in hopes to discover why such data conflicts and to shed light on, perhaps, two different concepts altogether. The idea that couple-conflict is different from the idea of patriarchal terrorism, committed byShow MoreRelatedIntimate Partner Violence and Substance Abuse in Women Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagespartner violence. (2013) It is estimated that twelve million people in the United States alone are affected each year. Intimate partner violence includes anything from physical or sexual abuse to psychological abuse to stalking or threats by a current or former partner. This form of violence can occur among couples that identify with any sexual orientation. 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The Wind Up Bird Chronicle And Dante Alighieri s Inferno

As literature continues to evolve throughout the ages, human experience remains a purpose that novelists cease to abandon regardless of the century. Haruki Murakami’s The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle and Dante Alighieri’s Inferno each disclose a meticulous narrative that elaborates on such human experiences through the recurring theme of understanding and accepting the idea of suffering. While Alighieri’s Inferno takes on a physical journey through a Hell that he represents as a city, Murakami assumes a psychological and abstract mindset while writing the metaphysical journey in The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle. Through the particular writing styles of each author, the extensive application of symbolism, and the unique setting of each protagonist, both authors contribute to the meaning of their books whether it be a psychological or physical approach. Though both pieces center on the commonality of suffering, Murakami and Alighieri each have their respective styles of writin g. Murakami’s The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle exudes his usual psychological approach to such matters: â€Å"Which is to say, I was able to separate from the physical self that was feeling the pain†¦ I was able to divide myself into a physical and nonphysical self†¦. When pain comes to me, I leave my physical self.† (Murakami 306). As a result of this particular style, the human experience is perceived as enigmatic and ambiguous in nature, varying from person to person: â€Å"We can invest enormous time and energy in serious

Effective Business Communication for Assessment - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEffective Business Communication forPractice Assessment. Answer: A reflective essay, as the name suggests, reflects upon the person writing the essay on a particular criteria or aspect, which they analyse themselves, through the use of some tool or module. These reflective essays help in providing a self reflection of the person who undertakes the particular module or tool. The present reflective essay is based on the self reflection of the writer where the communication skills of the writer have been analysed. This would help the writer in getting a clarity regarding the communication skills which they presently have, and more importantly, the communication skills which are needed for the writer to have a successful business life. In order to analyse these skills, the writer would use four distinctive diagnostic tools which were presented to the writer while undergoing the tutorials. These would highlight the different shortfalls of the writer in the communication skills area which would help the writer in working on these issues. The efforts put into improving the shortfalls in communication skills has been highlighted through drawing up an action plan through Gantt chart drawn at the end of this reflection. As this is a reflective essay, the discussion would not be based on first person. For analysing the communication skills which I presently have, I have applied five diagnostic tools, which had been properly approved by my tutor. In this regard, the first tool which I had used was one which is commonly used to analyse the communication apprehension of an individual and this was SPCC, which stands for Self-Perceived Communication Competence Scale. This tool helped me in analysing my communications capabilities, when dealing with diversified situations of communications and where the receivers are also present in a wide range (McCroskey McCroskey, 1998). The second tool which I used for the purpose of this analysis was PRICA, i.e., Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Apprehension, which helped me in analysing the feelings I get when communicating with a person of different culture. This shows the different circumstances which I would be faced with and the manner in which I face them when communication with people of different ethnic or cultural background s (Neuliep McCroskey, 1997). The third diagnostic tool which I used was the NIS-S, i.e., Nonverbal Immediacy Scale-Self Report which depicts the persons immediacy when they communicate with others and use non-verbal immediate behaviour with others. This non verbal behaviour helps in determining the positivity of a person by engraining in non verbal communication (Richmond, McCroskey Johnson, 2003). The next tool which had been used for the purpose of this self reflection was Willingness to Listen Diagnostic which helps in determining the individuals orientation when they have to listen to others, which again is a crucial aspect of communication skills, because listening to others is as important as is communicating verbally or non verbally with others (Richmond Hickson, 2001). The last tool which I used was the Talkaholic Scale, which was to help me in understanding if I, as a person, talk a lot or not and would also show if I was a compulsive talker (McCroskey Richmond, 1995). Once I successfully finished filing and calculating my scores for the five diagnostic tools, I was able to examine and study the strengths, as well as, the weaknesses in my communication skills. The first used tool was SPCC where I attained an overall score of 58.33. This score was on the low side of SPCC which highlights upon my acute stage fright and the anxiety which I get when I have to speak in groups. I scored 33.3 in public, 0 in meeting, 100 in group, 100 in dyad, scored 50 in stranger, 50 in acquaintance and 75 in friend. The majority of these show that in public, with friends and even in meetings I am not very comfortable in putting forward my views and an apprehensive about communicating with them. The second tool I used was PRICA where I got a score of 32 and this indicated a low intercultural cultural awareness. This denoted that I am not very comfortable when I have to interact with the people from different cultural backgrounds. The next tool which I used was NIS-S where I got a score of 81 which is again on a low side which denotes that I do not use body language when it comes to interactions using non verbal cues. I tend to have a closed personality where I talk without using hand gestures. The fourth tool which I used was Willingness to Listen Diagnostic where I scored 81 which highlights that I am a good listener and I am eager to listen to others without getting bored. This would help me in the long run as I am able to absorb information effectively. The last tool which I used was Talkaholic Scale where I obtained 24 as my final score which highlights that I am not a talkative person, so I do not over indulge in talks, which is goes hand in hand with my apprehensions about public speaking. The two key shortfalls which I face are related to communication apprehension, i.e., the ability to speak in public and the ability to communicate with people of different cultural backgrounds. This can be depicted from two of the incidents where I got very uncomfortable. As a part of our college curriculum, I was asked to prepare a presentation and deliver it before my classmates. I did thorough research and prepared a presentation and as I knew that I have a stage fright, I even wrote word by word of what I had to speak in front of my classmates. However, once I took the centre stage and the projector projected my slide over the screen, I got numb and my heart started beating very fast. I could only finish two slides in the 15 slides I had prepared and my teacher asked me to take a break. I could not resume the stage and lost good scores which I could have otherwise got, had I just read the script I prepared. There is another incident which embarrassed me. While I was working in a barista, I had to serve an Indian customer a coffee. I was able to give him his order but when he indulged in a conversation, I again got numb and my hands got cold. My manager had to take over and he then dealt with the customer. Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope (1991) were of the view that speaking was one of the most difficult tasks for the general public, particularly for the students as they get anxious when they have to speak before their class. When such happens, the student faces difficulty in making differentiations between different sounds and structures and even the simple words become inapprehensible. In this regard, the views of Dunbar, Brooks and Miller (2006) were quiet similar where they presented that an important aspect of the life of the student was communication skills, which also was a crucial factor when they translated from college life to workplace. This view has been supported in the literature of Beatty (1988) and also in that of Beatt, Balfantz and Kuwabara (1989) where they showed that there is an emotional predisposition regarding anxiety stemmed from public speaking. There were two types of reactions of anxiety which were stated by Woodrow (2006) in which the first was psychological reas ons and the other was cognitive reactions. When it came to the psychological reactions, the body reacted in such a manner that the person started stammering or his heart started beating very fast. When it came to the cognitive reactions, the brain starts working in a disoriented manner, where the person would get negative or irrelevant thoughts which would not only be self-depreciating, but would also increase the anxiety levels. Public speaking is deemed as a leading issue which is faced by nearly every person due to the apprehensions that one faces when they have to deal with a public (Jaffe, 2015). North and Rivers (2001) stated that when a person is made to speak in public, they get anxious about it. They stated that when faced with public speaking, people get anxious and they show signs of discomfort, confusion, palpitation, gastrointestinal discomfort, muscle tension, sweating and the like. Around 85% people, as per Burnley, Cross Spanos (1993) had to face this difficulty. Scovel (1991) stated that only when anxiety is facilitated in a proper manner, did it result in positive results, otherwise it could result in the individual performing in a poor manner. Rossi and Seiler (1986) highlighted upon the history of public speaking anxiety and traced it back to the mid 1930s. And like North and Rivers, he believed that when a person had to speak in public, they got apprehensive or felt uneasiness as they fe lt threatened. Jones (2004) was of the view that there was a need to facilitate anxiety in a manner so that the individual can adapt to learning from his apprehensions and work towards overcoming the particular obstacle. When the person is able to do so, the anxiety can be channelled in an effective manner. It had been identified by Ohata (2005) that by facilitating these, the person could learn better and his attitude and perception can be changed. Marinho, Medeiros, Gama and Teixeira (2017) rightly highlighted upon the need and significance of enhancing the public speaking skills particularly for the business life of an individual. Russ (2012) also showed that proper communication skills were required for interpersonal work relations. Rahmani (2017) highlighted that intergroup anxiety was a kind of negative feeling and restlessness which a person faced when they had to communicate with a person who belonged to a dissimilar cultural or social identity. Intergroup anxiety, like any other anxiety in Rahmanis view had negative results and it hampered the cognitive performance and the social interactions of an individual. Hackman and Barthel-Hackman (1993), Hsu (2007), and Pederson, Tkachuk and Allen (2008) have studied that there are different contextual incompatibilities of communication apprehensions due to the effective cultural, as well as, non cultural elements. The different communication apprehensions are a result of the difference in the culture of an individual, for instance, Australia, Arabic nations, East Asian cultures, Western Europe, and US. So, the individuals who belong to individualist cultures often emphasize on their personal space, activities and needs. Merkin (2009), Pederson et al. (2008) and Pryor, Bulter and Boehringer (2005) noted the difference amongst the high context cultures like the Arabic nations, Korea, China and Japan, and amongst the low context cultures like that of US, which impacts the communication apprehensions. Hall (1976) stated that in the high context culture, the majority of information is shared with the participants and a mutual perception of communication depends on the communications context; however, when it came to low context culture, it is more straight forward and also covers more information. So, high context cultures are less valued and they are more apprehensive, as per Pryor et al. (2005). The communication traits, as per Allen, O'Mara and Long (2014), were highlighted in the oral communication based on this culture context. Dr. James C. McCroskey, who initiated this concept of communication apprehension, developed a model of intercultural communication apprehension which was similar to the thoughts and emotions in other communication apprehensions, but this one was related to the linguistic and culture barriers (Neuliep, 2014). It could be based on trait, context, situation or audience. Gumus, Hamarat and Dursun (2005) highlighted that in such situations where the anxiety was seen only in particular situations like public speaking or job interview was content based apprehension. Mak et al. (2013) identified that the intercultural communication apprehension was based on the negative perception with regards to the cultural differences and which displayed an uncomfortable behaviour where the person came across another person from another culture, i.e., due to imminent cross cultural interaction. Upon successfully identifying my shortfalls, I have prepared an action plan which I would undertake in the next six months, in order to win over my apprehensions and improve upon my communication skills. In this regard, I would start by maintaining a journal in which I would be writing daily, what I did and this would help me in keeping a track of the things which I did as per the drawn action plan and the difficulties which I faced in doing so. This would be my success book, which would help me in looking back and being proud of my progress. The next step which I would do is joining a book club so that I get to interact with some new people and try to interact with them. This would be undertaken from Nov 2017 to Jan 2018. I would also make fortnightly efforts in getting the story of a person of different cultural background, who visits the barista near the university, so that I can speak up in public and also face my apprehensions about people from different cultural backgrounds. I would also seek help from my tutor in this, as in the beginning I would need their help in learning how to start a communication channel with new people, along with the details on how to counter my anxiety. I would be interacting with my classmates, by taking centre stage for 5 minutes and speaking with them. This would be done for Jan, in front of my tutor and for Fe, in their absence. I would also be, at regular intervals, interact with the university students who are not my classmates, and this would have a mix of interactions with people of different backgrounds. I would report my interactions to my tutor as an evidence of success. The most important one is that I would organize a 30 member intercultural program in the university itself in first half of April. This would make me approach the public and speak with them, particularly where I interact with people from different cultural backgrounds. The success of my entire journey is based on the success of this intercultural program, where I would again take the help of my tutor. Here, I would ask them and my classmates, on the progress which they think I have made during the six months period. The action plan has more efficiently been denoted through a Gantt chart below. Gantt Chart depicting Action Plan 15-11-17 30-11-17 15-12-17 31-12-17 14-01-18 31-01-18 Maintaining a Journal Book Club Customer interaction at barista Seeking help from tutor Interactions with Classmates Communicating with University Students Organize an intercultural program Gantt Chart depicting Action Plan 13-02-18 28-02-18 15-03-18 31-03-18 14-04-18 30-04-18 Maintaining a Journal Book Club Customer interaction at barista Seeking help from tutor Interactions with Classmates Communicating with University Students Organize an intercultural program Thus, this self reflection has helped me in identifying my shortfalls and this would help me in working on these issues, so that when I start my business life, I would not be at a disadvantage. References Allen, M. Bourhis, J. (1996). The relationship of communication apprehension to communication behavior: A meta-analysis.Communication Quarterly, 44,214-226. Beatty, M. J., Balfantz, G. L., Kuwabara, A. Y. (1989). 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